Germany: (mostly Swabian,Bavaria, Pflaz, Hessen)
Between 1750 ~ 1850 you will find a lot so called "Räuberbande". They were more or less organized. But share all a subculture. So it's start with a own dialect "Rotwelsch". They were not fix in one city. Travelling alot. And social background was disruption as a result in consequence of the napoleon's war.

Famous groups are

Schinderhannesbande
Wetterauer und Vogelsberger Bande
Hannikel Group

They had different activitys but mostly Robbery, Burglary, fesncing, Pimping.

famouse case was Konztanzer Hans he was a rat: Betrayed 500 thiefs/thugs and a lot places (brothels...).