He went to jail in 1956 for tax evasion, he was in and out of jail throughout the 50's beginning with his getting hit with a contempt charge for walking out on the Kefauver Hearings. I have read in a couple places that because he was in and out of jail so much that Genovese was in effect running the family by 1957 when Costello was hit, that Costello was boss in name only by that point. I agree with you, I doubt that Catena was ever Costello's acting boss given Catena's close relationship with Genovese.