Ivy, Completely agree. Back in the old days, there were several high level guys in the Outfit who were not Italian at all. Murray Humphreys, Hy Larner, Gus Alex, Sam Alex, Ralph Pierce, Les Kruse, Lenny Patrick, Davey Yarras, Eddie Vogel. These men belonged to the Outfit and were under Murray Humphreys. This was his crew. These men then had men working directly under them full time. This was the Non-Italian Crew of the Outfit. You could say Humphreys and his men mentioned above were High level Associates and the men working under Humphrey's men were lower level Associates. They all belonged to the Outfit but were not considered made. When push came to shove, a high level Italian usually had the advantage. I say usually, because in the case of Murray Humphreys it would have benn debateable. There really was no disadvantage for these men that they weren't Italian except for the fact that they had no real power over other made Italian men. But, as long as they stuck to what they were supposed to do, they were in good standing and no one could touch them.