Sure! Anywhere in the world where suckers are lining up to be fleeced, where people's greed and lust overcome reason and law, you're going to have organized criminals ready, willing and able to accommodate them. I will bet that almost every country in the world--large and small, advanced and "underdeveloped"--has some form of organized crime.
As has been noted here before: "Mafia" has become a generic name for organized crime gangs and even would-be gangsters, whether or not they're Italian or in any way connected to the real Mafia. The morons who shot up Columbine High School called themselves the "Trench Coat Mafia."
In fact, "Mafia" is so generic that it has been applied to almost any group that's supposedly organized and powerful. John F. Kennedy used to refer to his group of lifelong close advisers (Dave Powers, Kenny O'Donnell, Larry O'Brien, his brother Bobby) as his "Irish Mafia."