GangsterBB.NET


Funko Pop! Movies:
The Godfather 50th Anniversary Collectors Set -
3 Figure Set: Michael, Vito, Sonny

Who's Online Now
3 registered members (CNote, VanillaLimeCoke, 1 invisible), 118 guests, and 4 spiders.
Key: Admin, Global Mod, Mod
Shout Box
Site Links
>Help Page
>More Smilies
>GBB on Facebook
>Job Saver

>Godfather Website
>Scarface Website
>Mario Puzo Website
NEW!
Active Member Birthdays
No birthdays today
Newest Members
TheGhost, Pumpkin, RussianCriminalWorld, JohnnyTheBat, Havana
10349 Registered Users
Top Posters(All Time)
Irishman12 67,467
DE NIRO 44,945
J Geoff 31,285
Hollander 23,890
pizzaboy 23,296
SC 22,902
Turnbull 19,512
Mignon 19,066
Don Cardi 18,238
Sicilian Babe 17,300
plawrence 15,058
Forum Statistics
Forums21
Topics42,326
Posts1,058,658
Members10,349
Most Online796
Jan 21st, 2020
Previous Thread
Next Thread
Print Thread
Page 1 of 5 1 2 3 4 5
Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 #729068
07/23/13 09:36 PM
07/23/13 09:36 PM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
C
Chicago Offline OP
Underboss
Chicago  Offline OP
C
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
The Beatles of the Outfit: Never was and never will be equaled again in Chicago.

Note: Tony Accardo was the other Senior Advisor over the entire Outfit, but he was with the Elmwood Park Crew.

Taylor St:

Paul Ricca, Senior Advisor (over entire Outfit)
Sam Giancana, Boss (over entire Outfit)
Sam Battaglia, Capo
Fiore Bucciere, Capo

Sammy DeStefano, Made Guy
Willie Daddano, Made Guy
Chuckie English, Made Guy
Rocco Potenza, Made Guy
Phil Alderisio, Made Guy
Chuckie Nicoletti, Made Guy
James Mirro, Made Guy
Frank Bucciere, Made Guy
Turk Torello, Made Guy
Joe Ferriola, Made Guy
Dominic Cortina, Made Guy
Donald Angelini, Made Guy
Frank Caruso, Made Guy
Joey Glimco, Made Guy
Pat Marcy, Made Guy
Frank Ferraro, Made Guy
Dominic Blasi, Made Guy
Joey Lombardo, Made Guy
Rocky DeGrazia, Made Guy
Marshall Caifano, Made Guy
William Aloisio, Made Guy
Leonard Gianola, Made Guy
Vincent Inserro, Made Guy
John Lardino, Made Guy
Rocco Pranno, Made Guy
Rocco Salvatore, Made Guy
Johnny Roselli, Made Guy
Rocky Infelice, Made Guy
Bobby Ansani, Made Guy
Johnny Formosa, Made Guy

Note: Does not include:
Elmwood Park Crew
Cicero Crew
North Side/ Rush St. Crew
Chicago Heights Crew
Non-Italian Crew


Note: Only Made guys listed above:
Does not include Soldier/Associates who worked full time under the made guys in all the Franchises.

Last edited by Chicago; 07/23/13 10:32 PM.
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729073
07/23/13 09:48 PM
07/23/13 09:48 PM
Joined: Aug 2008
Posts: 8,534
I
IvyLeague Offline
IvyLeague  Offline
I

Joined: Aug 2008
Posts: 8,534
A lot of heavyweights in that lineup.


Mods should mind their own business and leave poster's profile signatures alone.
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729079
07/23/13 10:07 PM
07/23/13 10:07 PM
Joined: Nov 2006
Posts: 1,841
OC, CA
Faithful1 Offline
Underboss
Faithful1  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Nov 2006
Posts: 1,841
OC, CA
Are you sure about Aloisio? He operated in the area of Elmwood Park and was connected to Tony Capezio

Also, Ansani was a Cicero guy close to Aiuppa; other sources connect Cortina and Angelini to Cicero too

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Faithful1] #729085
07/23/13 10:18 PM
07/23/13 10:18 PM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
C
Chicago Offline OP
Underboss
Chicago  Offline OP
C
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
I believe Smokes Aloisio was with Sam Battaglia making him Taylor St. He was boss of the old 34rth Ward.

Cortina, Angelini and Ansani were all original Taylor St men.
AFTER the changing of the guard, they became Cicero men under Ferriola with Auippa.

What I listed was the Crew BEFORE the Changing of the Guard.


Last edited by Chicago; 07/23/13 10:19 PM.
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729091
07/23/13 10:28 PM
07/23/13 10:28 PM
Joined: May 2013
Posts: 653
Illinois
F_white Offline
Underboss
F_white  Offline
Underboss
Joined: May 2013
Posts: 653
Illinois
Great list a lot of the big timer here.


From now on, nothing goes down unless I'm involved. No blackjack no dope deals, no nothing. A nickel bag gets sold in the park, I want in. You guys got fat while everybody starved on the street. Now it's my turn.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729094
07/23/13 10:34 PM
07/23/13 10:34 PM
Joined: Mar 2012
Posts: 198
P
PP Offline
Made Member
PP  Offline
P
Made Member
Joined: Mar 2012
Posts: 198
Impressive crew.

So- all those made guys had there own crew of soldiers?

And if they had there own crew of soldiers, who did they interact with a daily basis more? The crew of made men or THEIR crew of soldiers?

Sorry for this questions about minutiae but that's what I find interesting.

When you read books about Gambino's or a NYC family, they mention social clubs where crew of soldiers spent a lot of time. Did the Taylor St crew of made men all hang out/operate at a social club per se? Did they operate out of numerous places? Or would a made guy have his own place where he would operate out of with HIS crew of soldiers?

Thanks in advance.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: PP] #729105
07/23/13 10:59 PM
07/23/13 10:59 PM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
C
Chicago Offline OP
Underboss
Chicago  Offline OP
C
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
Yes. Each made guy had a crew of associates who worked under him full time. Sometimes in Chicago they were refered to as soldiers, but usually they were just refered to as 'His guys'

The made guy would be with his guys and then he would be with his Boss and the other made guys. The made guys would come around with some of the guys working under them also.
The Boss of the crew would be aware of the Guys working under the made guys because that's where the advancement would come into play at the right time.

The soldier/associates would be kept at a friendly arm's length. In other words, there were not privy to all the things a made was privy to for security reasons.

A soldier/associate's power pretty much began and ended with made guy for whom he worked.

Last edited by Chicago; 07/23/13 11:01 PM.
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729165
07/24/13 04:44 AM
07/24/13 04:44 AM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
C
Chicago Offline OP
Underboss
Chicago  Offline OP
C
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
The Taylor St. men were either with Fiore Bucciere (West Side), Sam Battaglia (West Suburbs) or were directly with Giancana/Ricca.

All the other crews were partnered in one way or another with Taylor St. There was no official Underboss of the Outfit during this reign.

The 3 Top Men were: Ricca, Accardo, Giancana.

If anything, You could say Battaglia & Bucciere were Giancana's underbosses. When Giancana wasn't available, and Ricca or Accardo were unavailable, other Crew Bosses would take some direction from Battaglia or Bucciere, in particular, Battaglia.

If it was more of a political concern, direction was given by Murray Humphreys, Boss of the Non-Italian faction and a very smart well respected Man.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729170
07/24/13 05:30 AM
07/24/13 05:30 AM
Joined: Nov 2006
Posts: 1,841
OC, CA
Faithful1 Offline
Underboss
Faithful1  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Nov 2006
Posts: 1,841
OC, CA
In general, do you know who the actual underbosses were? Several older inside sources say that Giancana was Accardo's underboss for a few years before Accardo retired and Giancana replaced him. The FBI has Ferraro then Battaglia as Mooney's underbosses, but you, Fosco and others say that he had no underboss. Later, when Aiuppa was the boss it is usually reported that Cerone was his underboss. There are a lot of gaps to fill.

Then the FBI says that the consiglieri are actually the top bosses, the CEOs, like Ricca, who was in this position until he died in 1972. But a real consigliere is a position elected by the members to represent their interests and who they go to in case of a problem if they can't solve it with their capo. The consigliere is often the one does the ceremonies, although in Chicago there was no ceremony while Ricca was alive. So I consider Ricca more like a chairman and I have to wonder if Chicago ever had a real consigliere.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729172
07/24/13 05:43 AM
07/24/13 05:43 AM
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 2,809
Scotland
Camarel Offline
Underboss
Camarel  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 2,809
Scotland
Great stuff Chicago!

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729174
07/24/13 05:55 AM
07/24/13 05:55 AM
Joined: Feb 2013
Posts: 2,213
C
cookcounty Offline
Underboss
cookcounty  Offline
C
Underboss
Joined: Feb 2013
Posts: 2,213
so in what year did the grumblings about giancana start?

i'm sure people were unhappy with him before 1966

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: cookcounty] #729178
07/24/13 06:10 AM
07/24/13 06:10 AM
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 2,809
Scotland
Camarel Offline
Underboss
Camarel  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 2,809
Scotland
Originally Posted By: cookcounty
so in what year did the grumblings about giancana start?

i'm sure people were unhappy with him before 1966


I'd guess whatever year he came back to Chicago.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Faithful1] #729183
07/24/13 07:18 AM
07/24/13 07:18 AM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
C
Chicago Offline OP
Underboss
Chicago  Offline OP
C
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
Faithful1, If we were to assign Titles, Ricca and Accardo would be Senior Advisors. But I guarantee you Ricca or Accardo never referred to themselves with any kind of Title. LOL
But, for practical purposes, if you want to define their ROLES in the Outfit, They were Senior Advisors. The former two Top Bosses who semi-retired. It's just that simple.

Underbosses. In Chicago they call this man the #2.
Okay, here we go:

Follow me! When Ricca was the Top boss of the Outfit, Accardo was the #2. Taylor St & Grand Ave (Which later became Elmwood Park because they moved further west.)

When Ricca went to jail, Accardo was the 'Acting Boss' temporarily because Ricca was gone for a bit. It would be like an Executive Vice President of a big Company acting as President temporarily while the real President is gone.

Giancana, Ricca's PERSONAL UNDERBOSS in the Taylor St Crew now stepped up and became 'Acting Boss' of Taylor St (because Ricca was temporarily gone) and 'Acting #2' of the entire Outfit.

When Ricca came home, things went back to the original way until RICCA & ACCARDO BOTH semi-retired. Then Giancana became Boss of Taylor St and Top Boss for Good.
Ricca & Accardo were his Senior Advisors. Accardo WANTED Cerone (who now officially became Boss of Elmwood Park), to be Giancana's full partner and the #2 over the entire Outfit. Giancana REFUSED. Get it? That's what started the riff. Giancana didn't want to share power with Cerone. He was aready sharing it with Ricca AND Accardo.

When Giancana left, Battaglia became Boss of Taylor St and Top Boss of the Outfit.
STILL THERE WAS NOONE #2.

When Battaglia was gone, Alderisio stepped up and became Boss of Taylor St and Top Boss of the Outfit.
(Bucciere wasn't feeling 100%)
STILL THERE WAS NOONE #2.

CHANGING OF THE GUARD:

Auippa became the Top Boss of the Outfit. Cicero now became the Dominent Crew with the demise of Taylor St from jail and attrition. There was some reorganization.
Cerone became the #2. (Elmwood Park sub-dominant Crew)
Ricca and Accardo were still the Senior Advisors until Ricca died in 1972. Then it was only Accardo.

Don't make me explain this again. Cut and paste it! LOL!!

Last edited by Chicago; 07/24/13 07:32 AM.
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729187
07/24/13 08:11 AM
07/24/13 08:11 AM
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
T
TommyGambino Offline
Underboss
TommyGambino  Offline
T
Underboss
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
I thought DeStefano was never made?

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729188
07/24/13 08:17 AM
07/24/13 08:17 AM
Joined: Nov 2012
Posts: 1,156
J
jonnynonos Offline
Underboss
jonnynonos  Offline
J
Underboss
Joined: Nov 2012
Posts: 1,156
Cool list.

Lombardo is the only one still alive, right?

Who was the last one to die before him?

Too bad he'll never write a book!

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: TommyGambino] #729239
07/24/13 01:15 PM
07/24/13 01:15 PM
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 2,809
Scotland
Camarel Offline
Underboss
Camarel  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 2,809
Scotland
Originally Posted By: TommyGambino
I thought DeStefano was never made?


Chicago has answered that like 12 times lol. Yes he was made.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Camarel] #729262
07/24/13 02:06 PM
07/24/13 02:06 PM
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
T
TommyGambino Offline
Underboss
TommyGambino  Offline
T
Underboss
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
Originally Posted By: Camarel
Originally Posted By: TommyGambino
I thought DeStefano was never made?


Chicago has answered that like 12 times lol. Yes he was made.


Well why does all he information available say he wasn't. Surely the Feds would have known if he was made.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729265
07/24/13 02:12 PM
07/24/13 02:12 PM
Joined: Feb 2013
Posts: 1,408
Snakes Offline
Underboss
Snakes  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Feb 2013
Posts: 1,408
Lombardo is pretty much the last man standing from that group. There are a couple of guys that I am not certain are dead gut given the average age of the other crew members, I can say with a decent amount of certainty that they are gone.

As far as I know, Caifano was the last to kick the bucket before Lumby almost ten years ago.


"Snakes... Snakes... I don't know no Snakes."
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: TommyGambino] #729275
07/24/13 02:39 PM
07/24/13 02:39 PM
Joined: Aug 2012
Posts: 2,425
Bamboo Lounge
NickyEyes1 Offline
Hawks Bears Bulls Sox
NickyEyes1  Offline
Hawks Bears Bulls Sox
Underboss
Joined: Aug 2012
Posts: 2,425
Bamboo Lounge
Originally Posted By: TommyGambino
Originally Posted By: Camarel
Originally Posted By: TommyGambino
I thought DeStefano was never made?


Chicago has answered that like 12 times lol. Yes he was made.


Well why does all he information available say he wasn't. Surely the Feds would have known if he was made.

You're from England. Can t get everything from the internet and feds.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729276
07/24/13 02:39 PM
07/24/13 02:39 PM
Joined: Mar 2012
Posts: 198
P
PP Offline
Made Member
PP  Offline
P
Made Member
Joined: Mar 2012
Posts: 198
Originally Posted By: Chicago

CHANGING OF THE GUARD:

Auippa became the Top Boss of the Outfit. Cicero now became the Dominent Crew with the demise of Taylor St from jail and attrition. There was some reorganization.
Cerone became the #2. (Elmwood Park sub-dominant Crew)
Ricca and Accardo were still the Senior Advisors until Ricca died in 1972. Then it was only Accardo.

Don't make me explain this again. Cut and paste it! LOL!!


With the changing of the guard, who forced this issue? Did Accardo broach the subject with Cicero? Did Cicero force the issue with Accardo?

Also, when a crew changed it's home base, part of Taylor St moved to Elmwood Park, for example, why Elmwood Park? Why not another area?

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729287
07/24/13 02:59 PM
07/24/13 02:59 PM
Joined: Jul 2013
Posts: 222
Chicago, Il.
12thStreet Offline
Made Member
12thStreet  Offline
Made Member
Joined: Jul 2013
Posts: 222
Chicago, Il.
I think it was probably Accardo ( backed by the alliance of Aiuppa/Cerone ) who pushed it with Ricca. By the time it occurred in 69 or 70 or whatever I'm sure Ricca had to agree with them. There already had been several bosses from Taylor Street and a changing of the guard was necessary.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: NickyEyes1] #729288
07/24/13 03:00 PM
07/24/13 03:00 PM
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
T
TommyGambino Offline
Underboss
TommyGambino  Offline
T
Underboss
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
Originally Posted By: NickyEyes1
Originally Posted By: TommyGambino
Originally Posted By: Camarel
Originally Posted By: TommyGambino
I thought DeStefano was never made?


Chicago has answered that like 12 times lol. Yes he was made.


Well why does all he information available say he wasn't. Surely the Feds would have known if he was made.

You're from England. Can t get everything from the internet and feds.


Didn't say I could.

DeStefano is well known, been documentaries on him. No crime writers have ever come out and said he was a made guy. Ill go with what Chicago OC historians say, he wasn't made.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729298
07/24/13 03:23 PM
07/24/13 03:23 PM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 145
Stockholm
G
goldhawkroad Offline
Made Member
goldhawkroad  Offline
G
Made Member
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 145
Stockholm
TommyG: I have also read several outfit related books but something tells me "Chicago" is a bit more in the know compared to the likes of Bill Roemer etc.

But like they say, arguing on the internet is like winning the special olympics, even if u win u are still retarded..


Last edited by goldhawkroad; 07/24/13 03:24 PM.
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729300
07/24/13 03:26 PM
07/24/13 03:26 PM
Joined: Feb 2013
Posts: 1,408
Snakes Offline
Underboss
Snakes  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Feb 2013
Posts: 1,408
Other guys on here in the past have also said that Sam was made.


"Snakes... Snakes... I don't know no Snakes."
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729308
07/24/13 03:46 PM
07/24/13 03:46 PM
Joined: Nov 2006
Posts: 1,841
OC, CA
Faithful1 Offline
Underboss
Faithful1  Offline
Underboss
Joined: Nov 2006
Posts: 1,841
OC, CA
I AM a published organized historian. I have his complete FBI files and many others and can tell you that Roemer was mistaken. He believed DeStefano's denial which doesn't makes sense. Does anyone think that if he asked Accardo or Giancana that same question that they would have admitted membership in an organized crime family? Yet I don't think that he had any doubts that they were. There is plenty of evidence in the files themselves that DeStefano was made. There is evidence on other things that Roemer overlooked and was mistaken about. I don't think that makes Roemer a bad guy, but he wasn't the best historian.

So DeStefano was made. Chicago is a reliable poster who had access to inside information. Joe Fosco is another who's info you can rely on. There are others as well who either had access or continue to have access to inside information and are credible sources. There may be slight disagreements between some of them, but on the whole their facts jibe with each other.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729327
07/24/13 04:48 PM
07/24/13 04:48 PM
Joined: Nov 2012
Posts: 1,156
J
jonnynonos Offline
Underboss
jonnynonos  Offline
J
Underboss
Joined: Nov 2012
Posts: 1,156
I think Fosco is reliable to a degree, but not totally. He definitely had ulterior motives with that site.

However, you definitely could learn a ton from reading the articles and in particular from the dialogue below.

A lot of the information on organized crime tends to be shrouded in mystery, just due to the nature of the subject.

Even when people flip, they still lie.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: TommyGambino] #729337
07/24/13 05:56 PM
07/24/13 05:56 PM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
C
Chicago Offline OP
Underboss
Chicago  Offline OP
C
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
Tommy Gambino, Funny name for an Englishman. You read a lot a books, do ya mate?
Well, in 1964 when the Beatles came here from England, some reporters asked
John Lennon " What was it like growing up in Liverpool?"
Lennon replied " Oh, we're not from Liverpool, didn't you hear, We're from Hamburg. "
Based upon this information that I read, I'll go with the fact that the Beatles were from Germany.

Last edited by Chicago; 07/24/13 05:56 PM.
Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729353
07/24/13 07:06 PM
07/24/13 07:06 PM
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
T
TommyGambino Offline
Underboss
TommyGambino  Offline
T
Underboss
Joined: Oct 2012
Posts: 2,028
Originally Posted By: Chicago
Tommy Gambino, Funny name for an Englishman. You read a lot a books, do ya mate?
Well, in 1964 when the Beatles came here from England, some reporters asked
John Lennon " What was it like growing up in Liverpool?"
Lennon replied " Oh, we're not from Liverpool, didn't you hear, We're from Hamburg. "
Based upon this information that I read, I'll go with the fact that the Beatles were from Germany.


Why is that a funny username for an Englishman, this is a mafia forum, but yeah nice attempt at humour, I suspect you're very old.

Just because I simply disagree with your post you try and mock me.

Making that comparison is beyond stupid. The Beattles were clearly from Liverpool, there's no evidence that Sam was made.

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: Chicago] #729359
07/24/13 07:18 PM
07/24/13 07:18 PM
Joined: Aug 2012
Posts: 2,425
Bamboo Lounge
NickyEyes1 Offline
Hawks Bears Bulls Sox
NickyEyes1  Offline
Hawks Bears Bulls Sox
Underboss
Joined: Aug 2012
Posts: 2,425
Bamboo Lounge
YOU'RE FROM ENGLAND! End of discussion

Re: Taylor Street Crew 1957-1966 [Re: TommyGambino] #729366
07/24/13 07:33 PM
07/24/13 07:33 PM
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
C
Chicago Offline OP
Underboss
Chicago  Offline OP
C
Underboss
Joined: Jun 2013
Posts: 699
Illinois
Tommy Gambino, I'm 106 years old. You can believe that Sam DeStefano was not made if that makes you happy and I'll believe the Beatles were from Germany. Who cares? It doesn't matter to me at all.

The point, which you missed, is that DeStefano told Roemer he wasn't made AS A JOKE, just like Lennon was joking he was from Germany.
Besides, all made guys in Chicago ALWAYS say they are not made, joking or not joking. Why would they say they were made? What would they gain from it except a stiffer jail sentence? Lombardo said he was not made in A NEWSPAPER AD HE PLACED.

My father KNEW Sammy DeStefano. They were both with Ricca and Giancana direct.

Believe whatever you want to make yourself happy. I was only joking with you to make a point. No problem from me at all.

Last edited by Chicago; 07/24/13 07:39 PM.
Page 1 of 5 1 2 3 4 5

Moderated by  Don Cardi, J Geoff, SC, Turnbull 

Powered by UBB.threads™