Dewey didn't even know a "Commission" existed when he was prosecuting Luciano. In fact, wiretaps that were placed around the time, for the sole purpose of aiding Dewey's investigation mentioned the prostitutions rackets being run by "The Combine". Which some used in the past as a term to describe the joint council of the families, and with all the mentions of The Combine Dewey came across, Luciano was the only one convicted of anything. He attempted to target the bosses, the big gangsters of the time, ie. Luciano and to a very lesser extent Dutch Shultz. He used prostitution to target the Italian's and there supposed syndicate, but didn't understand at the time how deep it went and how organized they actually were. Dewey is quoted later in his life as saying that he "got the right guy maybe for the wrong crime". He thought the conviction of Luciano would lead to indictments of his counterparts, but it didn't happen.