Hi guys I had some questions regarding getting made these days. Firstly is it still the same that a Captain will propose an underling to the boss? Also with modern day structures with numerous bosses who decides everything who is at the ceremony?

I heard that until the late 70s the books had been closed for 20 years, in the current day do the books get opened whenever a family feels it necessary, ie they don't need permission from other families?
Do a family make guys today to replace people who have been convicted or have died?
I know the Colombo's had a ceremony busted by the feds last year but does anyone else have any stories about modern making ceremonies?
Sorry for so many questions!