In the years of the diaspora, a sizable Italian community took root it Tunisia. Its where Carlos Marcello's family left for.

Incidentally, Palazzolo is considered relatively high ranked, considering his ties to Provenzano and Riina. He was the reputed "treasurer" for Provenzano. Also, Mariano Tullio Troia is alleged by Italian authorities to have spent some time in South Africa in contact with Palazzolo, before he was arrested in '98.

A number of Calabrian clans are reputed to be active Africa, including the Coluccio, Di Giovine, Morabito, Sergi and Marando in Morocco, the Mancuso and Pesce in Togo and the Iamonte in Congo, amongst a number of others and ceratin Middle Eastern countries.