He's clearly away for longer than a month as he sees in the new year in Havana.
That would be true if the football game playing on Roth's radio were a definitive marker. But, I think FFC just used it as background (like the "shot heard round the world" on Sonny's car radio just before he was assassinated). As a practical matter, I don't think Michael was gone for more than a week or two.
Ntra la porta tua lu sangu � sparsu, E nun me mporta si ce muoru accisu... E s'iddu muoru e vaju mparadisu Si nun ce truovo a ttia, mancu ce trasu.