The Bonannos have always had strong ties to both Canada and Sicily. But those ties were part of their undoing. Joe Bonanno's attempts to expand into Canada brought him into conflict with his cousin, Stefano Magaddino, the Don of Buffalo, and was a factor in the Commission's 1964 order to Bonanno to step down in favor of Magaddino's brother-in-law, Gaspar DiGregorio. That set off a long, bloody, inconclusive law that wrecked the Bonannos for decades. Carmine Galante's close ties to Sicily to develop a heroin pipeline led to another bloody struggle between the Sicilian "zips" and the American-born Bonannos. More recently, Vito Rizzuto, a Sicilian-born mobster whose family settled in Montreal, developed the heroin pipeline in Canada and was instrumental in helping the Bonannos with the dope trade in the US. He participated in the killing of the three Bonanno capos killed in 1981. Massino later ratted him out.