From what I understand, he had quite a few enemies in the Family after taking out Anastasia:

Tony Anastasia
Tommy Rava
(Possibly) Neil Dellacroce
Vinny Squilante

That’s three Capos who are believed to have been Anastasia loyalists

Instead of naming Rava or Dellacroce to positions of power to mollify them, he made his own guys Underboss and Consligliere - Staten Island Joe and Joe Blonde.

So my question is, how did Carlo not end up getting killed himself?
How did he manage to mollify Anastasia loyalists within the Family?

Perhaps they all saw a brighter future with Carlo Gambino. What I'd like to know is did he have Commission approval? Albert Anastasia was a boss. I actually don't think it's even possible to get permission to whack a boss, they'd probably kill you just for requesting. That would explain why killing a boss takes so much maneuvering. Tommy Lucchese, Joe Bonanno, and Joe Profaci were all Sicilian, they probably didn't have a problem with Anastasia going. Why not have a fellow Sicilian on the Commission? His only ally was Frank Costello, but he had already been forced out by Vito Genovese. When you consider all of this, it's easy to see why taking Anastasia out wasn't so difficult. The only thing Carlo Gambino had to worry about was Anastasia's loyalists within his own Family.

They probably did see a brighter future with Gambino--never go wrong following the money. I think Carlo by that time was aligned with Genovese, who was emerging as the top Don. As for the Commission: they probably rationalized the "unauthorized" whacking of Anastasia by remembering that he didn't get permission to take out the Mangano brothers.

And the Mangano brothers were Sicilians, that shit meant a lot back in those days.

He had Squilante clipped a few years after.

I think Albert A. was more feared than respected. Once he was dead, they didn't have to fear him anymore.

Carlo Gambino was a "Mob Aristocrat" ( that is my coined phrase for the record) meaning, he came from Sicily from a traceable lineage with power (in his case based in Palermo).

Albert was a street tough who muscled his was to the top. Essentially a hang leader. These people only maintain power as long as they have a strong support base. Albert started clipping people in both factions. Some of his supporters saw the writing on the wall.

After the deed was done, Gambino was too important and connected to kill. It's that simple. Also the hit done on the Mangano brothers also eased the Commission's stance on the matter.

Another thing is, before the 60's, the Commission less hands on with intra-Family business. Ultimately this was seen as a Family matter.

I think it's not farfetched to say that Joe Profaci, Joe Bonanno, Vito Genovese, and Tommy Lucchese even supported Carlo Gambino.

He did the hit at the request of Vito Genovese...So that's two powerhouses that you'd have to go up against, and then Gambino made Dellacroce his underboss to placate him and everybody fell in line

Important things to consider when looking at the Anastasia murder and its aftermath:

- Joe Valachi stated that when Vito Genovese took over his family from Frank Costello, he expected armed resistence from Anastasia and instructed his men to cover areas of the city in case of a war
- Valachi believed Genovese, Carlo Gambino, and Joseph Biondo were behind the murder but admitted he had no proof about this and it was just his personal opinion
- Valachi believed Gambino was willing to go along with Genovese in removing Anastasia because he had broken his promise to Joe Scalise
- After Frank Scalise was killed for selling memberships, Joe vowed revenge but was eventually lured back in when Anastasia told him if he surrendered he'd be forgiven
- Joe Scalise was then murdered and disposed of
- Valachi stated that some believed Anastasia had conspired with Frank Scalise to sell memberships in the first place and had killed him as a scapegoat
- In addition, Valachi stated that Anastasia was losing money at the track and abusing people
- Because Anastasia was doing so much wrong, Biondo and Gambino had the right to move against him because it was their family, however Genovese's involvement would be harder to justify, so he stayed in the background
- After the murder, Valachi, Genovese, and Anthony Strollo spoke to John Robilotto (who was close to Anastasia) to make sure he wouldn't try to retaliate
- Robilotto had already agreed with Armand Rava and other loyalists to take the family back and was then killed for trying to get out of it
- Valachi advised Paul Gambino to kill Rava before he tried to make his move, and Rava was killed shortly after
- Valachi believed the Apalachin meeting was called to justify Anastasia's murder, legitimise Genovese's leadership, outlaw narcotics, close the books, and expell members who bought their way in under Scalise
- Vincent Squillante (Anastasia's godson) was expected to talk about Anastasia's misdeeds to justify the murder
- No-one really cared about Anastasia but they were concerned about the indiscriminaate killing of bosses

- Joseph Bonanno wrote that the Commission decided against interfering in the Costello-Genovese affair was because the family had already rallied behind Genovese as the new boss
- Anastasia wanted to start a war to return Costello to power but was talked out of it by Bonanno, Stefano Magaddino, and Joseph Profaci
- Anastasia put a stop to his plan but made it clear that he held the other three bosses as responsible for maintaining the peace
- Bonanno believed the murder came from within Anastasia's family but felt the circumstances suggested that Genovese and Thomas Lucchese either condoned the plan or did nothing to stop it
- Earlier in the 1950s, the cold war between the Costello/ Anastasia alliance and the Genovese/ Lucchese alliance had resulted in Anastasia and Lucchese conspiring to kill each other
- Lucchese got Magaddino to call Apalachin, telling him the situation needed to be resolved quickly because he had heard that Anastasia's loyalists were planning retaliation
- Bonanno felt the motive behind the meeting was to give Gambino an air of legitimacy that would dissuade anyone else in the family from challenging him for the top spot

- Bill Bonanno believed that Genovese and Lucchese were the prime-movers in the conspiracy, with "tacit" approval from Magaddino
- After the murder, there was a meeting at Ruggiero Boiardo's farm where both sides of the Anastasia family were allowed to state their case
- Rava and Aniello Dellacroce represented the Anastasia loyalists while Gambino represented the other faction
- Lucchese suggested that Joe Bonanno, as Commission chairman, choose a temporary leader of the family
- The other faction and underboss Nino Conte approved the plan for Bonanno to choose
- Gambino was chosen because (although some suspected him) here was no hard evidence connecting him to the plot, he had brains, he could keep the factions together, and would avoid conflict
- If everyone was happy, Gambino would be installed as the official boss after three years
- During that period, Gambino would occasionally defer to Lucchese
- The Commission would have to approve any move to remove Gambino or any of the captains
- The real business was done at this meeting, with Apalachin being more of a social event to inform other families of the peace that had been reached

- Magaddino was caught on tape discussing how the Commission had appointed Gambino as the boss provisionally, with the family later electing him to the official position
- Magaddino, Joseph Riccobono, and Joe Bruno pushed for Gambino because he was the consigliere and could therefore hold the family together
- The rest of the Commission went along with this motion to keep the family from disbanding

- Alfredo Santantonio told the FBI that Riccobono, Biondo, and Charles Dongarra had orchestrated the murder
- They found out from Joseph Franco that Anastasia was going to kill them, so they struck first
- Andrew Alberti, Joseph N Gallo, Stephen Grammauta, and Joseph Cahill were also involved in the conspiracy
- Grammauta and Cahill were given the contract
- After the murder, Riccobono called Domenico Arcuri because he knew all the other captains, and told him to pass along word that Anastasia had been killed
- Riccobono also contacted Genovese and Lucchese, asking for a meeting in New Jersey to explain
- At a meeting at Boiardo's farm, Riccobono explained why Anastasia had been killed without identifying the killers
- The Commission pardoned everyone involved, and Apalachin was called to inform the rest of the families about the outcome of the "trial" at Boiardo's farm

- Camine Lombardozzi told the FBI that the meeting at Boiardo's farm was intended to discuss Anastasia's murder
- There was confusion about why Anastasia had been killed, and Lombardozzi believed some Commission members knew while others didn't
- Gambino was one of the several people who spoke at the meeting
- Gambino stated that Anastasia had been using people from other families to do hits and had killed people he shouldn't have
- Apalachin was a continuation of the meeting at Boiardo's farm

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TL;DR

- The hit likely originated from within the family with at least tacit approval from Genovese and Lucchese
- Anastasia wore out his welcome within his own family by killing the Scalise brothers and a variety of other offences
- The main conspirators within the family were Riccobono, Biondo, Dongarra, and possibly Gambino
- Anastasia posed a threat to Genovese and Lucchese, so it benefited them both to condone or at least do nothing to stop the murder
- The killers were pardoned by the Commission because they effectively argued that this was internal family business (and secretly had the support of at least two Commission members)
- Gambino was selected by the Commission as the temporary leader because, as consigliere, he could hold the family together and avoid conflict
- Armand Rava attempted to organise other Anastasia loyalists to retaliate and take the family back
- Gambino had Rava killed before he could make his move, thus securing his hold on the family
- After a provisional period, the family then elected Gambino the official boss